Method Overloading in JAVA :

When two methods have same name , but have different types or numbers of arguments, the method is overloaded.

Creating and Using Arrays in JAVA :

When a number of data items are chunked together into a unit, the result is a data (online) structure. Data structures can be very complex, but in many applications, the appropriate data structure consists simply of a sequence of data items. Data structures of this simple variety can be either arrays or records.

The term “record” is not used in Java. A record is essentially the same as a Java object that has instance variables only, but no instance methods. Some other languages, which do not support objects in general, nevertheless do support records. The C programming language, for example, is not object-oriented, but it has records, which in C go by the name “struct.”

The data items in a record—in Java, an object’s instance variables—are called the fields of the record. Each item is referred to using a field name. In Java, field names are just the names of the instance variables.

The distinguishing characteristics of a record are that the data items in the record are referred to by name and that different fields in a record are allowed to be of different types.

Swing GUI Components :
The Swing toolkit includes a rich array of components: from basic components, such as buttons and check boxes, to rich and complex components, such as tables and text. Even deceptively simple components, such as text fields, offer sophisticated functionality, such as formatted text input or password field behavior. There are file browsers and dialogs to suit most needs, and if not, customization is possible. If none of Swing's provided components are exactly what you need, you can leverage the basic Swing component functionality to create your own.

Java SE API :

The Java SE application programming interface (API) defines the manner by which an applet or application can make requests to and use the functionality available in the compiled Java SE class libraries. (The Java SE class libraries are also part of the Java SE platform.)

The Java SE API consists of core technologies, Desktop (or client) technologies, and other technologies.

• Core components provide essential functionality for writing powerful enterprise-worthy programs in key areas such as database access, security, remote method invocation (RMI), and communications.
• Desktop components add a full range of features to help build applications that provide a rich user experience – deployment products such as Java Plug-in, component modeling APIs such as JavaBeans, and a graphical user interface.
• Other components round out the functionality.

JFC and Swing :

JFC is short for Java Foundation Classes, which encompass a group of features for building graphical user interfaces (GUIs) and adding rich graphics functionality and interactivity to Java applications.

Swing is a widget toolkit for Java. It is part of Sun Microsystems' Java Foundation Classes (JFC) — an API for providing a graphical user interface (GUI) for Java programs. Swing includes GUI widgets such as text boxes, buttons, split-panes, and tables.

Swing widgets provide more sophisticated GUI components than the earlier Abstract Window Toolkit. They are designed to be consistent across all platforms, unlike AWT widgets, which map directly to the current platform's graphics interface without modification. Swing supports a pluggable look and feel by using the current platform's graphics interface to achieve consistency through modifications made by additional API calls. This means the application can use any supported look and feel on any platform. The disadvantage of lightweight components is slower execution. The advantage is uniform behavior on all platforms.

Automatic memory management :

In Java, this potential problem is avoided by automatic garbage collection. The programmer determines when objects are created, and the Java runtime is responsible for managing the object's lifecycle. The program or other objects can reference an object by holding a reference to it (which, from a low-level point of view, is its address on the heap). When no references to an object remain, the Java garbage collector automatically deletes the unreachable object, freeing memory and preventing a memory leak. Memory leaks may still occur if a programmer's code holds a reference to an object that is no longer needed—in other words, they can still occur but at higher conceptual levels.

Structural Analysis for Java :

Structural Analysis for JavaTM (SA4J) is a technology that analyzes structural dependencies of Java applications in order to measure their stability. It detects structural "anti-patterns" (suspicious design elements) and provides dependency web browsing for detailed exploration of anti-patterns in the dependency web.

SA4J also enables "what if" analysis in order to assess the impact of change on the functionality of the application; and it offers guidelines for package re-factoring.

Getting started with emerging Java technologies :

Emerging Java technology is available in the following categories on alphaWorks:

APIs - Application Programming Interfaces are sets of classes, interfaces, and principles of operation that constitute a Java extension. They are scalable for use in domains ranging from first-party call control in a consumer device to third-party call control in large, distributed call centers.

Application Development - Application development resources vary from information for developers and software managers to tools and applications that provide time- and cost-effective foundations for solution development.

Components - Java components are self-contained elements of software that can be controlled dynamically and assembled to form applications.

Developer Kits - These include Software Development Kits for compiling and class files for coding Java.

IDEs - Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) use an editor pane to display source code and indicate the correct line. An IDE allows collaboration on projects using a platform of choice.

Reference Implementation - This category includes extended classes and code for adding to existing Java functionality.

Utilities – These are a large collection of useful tools for creating Java applications, including tools that parse numbers into integer, long, or double values, non-numerics, and string padding.

Blocks in Java Program :--

The braces in the program form a block that groups the components of the program. In Java, each block begins with an opening brace ({) and ends with a closing brace (}).

Every class has a class block that groups the data and methods of the class.
Every method has a method block that groups the statements in the method.

Blocks can be nested, meaning that one block can be placed within another, as shown in the following code.

Introducing the Java Platform:--

• Java Platform Standard Edition (Java SE): This kit is necessary for developing all applications, except those designed for consumer devices (See the Micro Edition). Java SE comes bundled with the compiler, a runtime environment, and core API.
• Java Platform Enterprise Edition (Java EE): This packages includes an application server, web server, J2EE APIs, support for Enterprise JavaBeans, Java Servlets API, and JavaServer Pages (JSP) technology. Use J2EE with the Java SE.
• Web Applications: Sun Java Studio Creator IDE is great for quick and easy web application development. In addition, this IDE is built on NetBeans, starting with a subset of the functionality and extending it. Java Studio Creator allows you to build applications visually, like with MS Visual Basic for building asp.net applications. The programming part is cleanly separated from the UI part.
• Java Platform Micro Edition (Java ME): If you are interested in developing programs for Palm Pilots, screen phones, and other consumer devices, this kit provides tools for compiling, deployment and device configuration, and APIs that are specialized for each type of device.

Java^TM SE 6 Platform at a Glance

This document covers the Java^TM Platform, Standard Edition 6 JDK. Its product version number is 6 and developer version number is 1.6.0, as described in Platform Name and Version Numbers. For programmer guides or information on a feature of the JDK, click on a component in the diagram below.

JDK		Java Language		Java Language
		Tools & Tool APIs		java javac javadoc apt jar javap JPDA jconsole Security Int'l RMI IDL Deploy Monitoring Troubleshoot Scripting JVM TI
		JRE	Deployment Technologies	Deployment Java Web Start Java Plug-in
			User Interface Toolkits	AWT Swing Java 2D Accessibility Drag n Drop Input Methods Image I/O Print Service Sound		Java SE API
			Integration Libraries	IDL JDBCTM JNDITM RMI RMI-IIOP Scripting
			Other Base Libraries	Beans Intl Support I/O JMX JNI Math Networking Override Mechanism Security Serialization Extension Mechanism XML JAXP
			lang and util Base Libraries	lang and util Collections Concurrency Utilities JAR Logging Management Preferences API Ref Objects Reflection Regular Expressions Versioning Zip Instrument
			Java Virtual Machine	Java HotspotTM Client VM Java HotspotTM Server VM
		Platforms		SolarisTM Linux Windows Other

Java Platform:-

The Java platform is the name for a bundle of related programs, or platform, from Sun Microsystems which allow for developing and running programs written in the Java programming language. The platform is not specific to any one processor or operating system, but rather, an execution engine (called a virtual machine) and a compiler with a set of standard libraries are implemented for various hardware and operating systems so that Java programs can run identically on all of them.

Different "editions" of the platform are available, including:

• Java Standard Edition or Java SE (formerly J2SE) for desktop machines
• the Java Enterprise Edition or Java EE (formerly J2EE) for web servers
• the Java Micro Edition or Java ME (formerly J2ME) for hand-held devices such as smart phones.

As of December 2006, the current version of the Java Platform is specified as either 1.6.0 or 6 (both refer to the same version). Version 6 is the product version, while 1.6.0 is the developer version.

In Java, most of the case user can use Double rather than float. Due where memory constraint exists coder use float.

Java Development on Eclipse's IDE:--

Java Coder and even new bee's have a greater scope of working on eclipse IDE rather than Net Beans.

Testing Mines

Saw Practices :--

These are the Management Check in SDLC Phases.

Testing Mines

Shark Tooth:-

In nut shell it consists of many design reviews and many check to get the final product.

Two classes that can store arbitrary number of objects ?

ArrayList and Vector

why pointers are not used in java?

Pointers can be used to access the memory location i.e out of JVM also.This is not prefered because of security concern. Another Reason: Applets can breach the firewall between networked application and personal computer

Why java does not have multiple inheritance?
but in c++ ?

Java supports the multiple inheritance but only in interfaces. It means you can implements more than one interfaces but you can't extends more than one classes. So we can't say that Java doesn't support multiple inheritance.

Deferred Test Case:-

The Test case which is suspended for the next version or not used in the current version is called deferred test case.